Multi-population genetic algorithms with immigrants scheme for dynamic shortest path routing problems in mobile ad hoc networks

Copyright @ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.The static shortest path (SP) problem has been well addressed using intelligent optimization techniques, e.g., artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm optimization, etc. However, with the advancement in wireless communications, more and more mobile wireless networks appear, e.g., mobile ad hoc network (MANET), wireless mesh network, etc. One of the most important characteristics in mobile wireless networks is the topology dynamics, that is, the network topology changes over time due to energy conservation or node mobility. Therefore, the SP problem turns out to be a dynamic optimization problem in mobile wireless networks. In this paper, we propose to use multi-population GAs with immigrants scheme to solve the dynamic SP problem in MANETs which is the representative of new generation wireless networks. The experimental results show that the proposed GAs can quickly adapt to the environmental changes (i.e., the network topology change) and produce good solutions after each change.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC) of UK under Grant EP/E060722/1

General analysis of lepton polarizations in rare B -> K^* l^+ l^- decay beyond the standard model

The general analysis of lepton polarization asymmetries in rare B -> K^* l^+ l^- decay is investigated. Using the most general, model independent effective Hamiltonian, the general expressions of the longitudinal, normal and transversal polarization asymmetries for l^- and l^+ and combinations of them are presented. The dependence of lepton polarizations and their combinations on new Wilson coefficients are studied in detail. Our analysis shows that the lepton polarization asymmetries are very sensitive to the scalar and tensor type interactions, which will be very useful in looking for new physics beyond the standard model.Comment: 29 pp, 15 figure

Superpositions of the dual family of nonlinear coherent states and their non-classical properties

Nonlinear coherent states (CSs) and their {\it dual families} were introduced recently. In this paper we want to obtain their superposition and investigate their non-classical properties such as antibunching effect, quadrature squeezing and amplitude squared squeezing. For this purpose two types of superposition are considered. In the first type we neglect the normalization factors of the two components of the dual pair, superpose them and then we normalize the obtained states, while in the second type we superpose the two normalized components and then again normalize the resultant states. As a physical realization, the formalism will then be applied to a special physical system with known nonlinearity function, i.e., Hydrogen-like spectrum. We continue with the (first type of) superposition of the dual pair of Gazeau-Klauder coherent states (GKCSs) as temporally stable CSs. An application of the proposal will be given by employing the P\"oschl-Teller potential system. The numerical results are presented and discussed in detail, showing the effects of this special quantum interference.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, Accpeted for Publication in Optics Communications, 201

Large-scale analysis of acute ethanol exposure in zebrafish development: a critical time window and resilience

Animal sciencesSolid state NMR/Biophysical Organic Chemistr

A theoretical scheme for generation of Gazeau-Klauder coherent states via intensity-dependent degenerate Raman interaction

A theoretical scheme is presented for generating Gazeau-Klauder coherent states(GKCSs) via the generalization of degenerate Raman interaction with coupling constant to intensity-dependent coupling. Firstly, we prove that in the intensity-dependent degenerate Raman interaction, under particular conditions, the modified efective Hamiltonian can be used instead of Hamiltonian in the interaction picture, for describing the atom-field interaction. We suppose that the cavity field is initially prepared in a nonlinear CS, which is not temporally stable. As we will observe, after the occurrence of the interaction between atom and field, the generated state involves a superposition of GKCSs which are temporally stable and initial nonlinear CS. Under specific conditions which may be prepared, the generated state just includes GKCS. So, in this way we produced the GKCS, successfully.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figures, Optics Communications, Article in Pres

Effect of cream formulation of fenugreek seed extract on some mechanical parameters of human skin

Purpose: To determine the effect of an emulsion formulation of fenugreek (Trigonella Foneum-Graecum L) seed extract on some mechanical parameters of the skin of healthy human volunteersMethods: A water-in-oil emulsion cream base without fenugreek seed extract which served as control, and a similar formulation containing 4 %w/v of the extract in the internal (aqueous) phase were prepared. Each of the formulations was applied to the cheeks of 10 human volunteers for a period of 4 weeks and some mechanical parameters (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9) of the skin were measured weekly using Cutometer MPA 580. Results: The results indicate that the effects of the creams on skin mechanical properties were significant (p < 0.05) with respect to time, except for R4 and R9. The extract-containing cream substantially increased skin elasticity, hydration and the ability of skin to resist photo-aging when compared to the base. Conclusion: Both the cream base and the cream containing fenugreek extract demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) improvement in all mechanical parameters related to skin elasticity, ageing, hydration and fatigue but the effect of the extract cream was more pronounced in some cases

Ab initio Study of the Effect of H2O Molecules Adsorption on the Semiconducting Graphene Nanoribbon

The H2O molecules adsorption effects over electronic transport properties of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons (A-GNR) was theoretically studied using Non Equilibrium Green Function (NEGF) formalism along with Ab initio calculation. Three different orientations and adsorption sites are considered to calculate the adsorption energies. The calculated adsorption energies for those orientations also suggest that adsorption in metallic A-GNR has much smaller effect on its transport properties

CP asymmetries in penguin-induced B decays in general left-right models

We study CP asymmetries in penguin-induced b -> s\bar{s}s decays in general left-right models without imposing manifest or pseudomanifest left-right symmetry. Using the effective Hamiltonian approach, we evaluate CP asymmetries in B^\pm -> \phi K^{(\ast)\pm} decays as well as mixing induced B meson decays B -> J/\psi K_s and B -> \phi K_s decays. Based on recent measurements revealing large CP violation, we show that nonmanifest type model is more favored than manifest or pseudomanifest type.Comment: 16 pages, 12 eps figure

Numerical simulation of hydrothermal features of Cu-H2O nanofluid natural convection within a porous annulus considering diverse configurations of heater

The purpose of the current study is to numerically investigate the effects of shape factors of nanoparticles on natural convection in a fluid-saturated porous annulus developed between the elliptical cylinder and square enclosure. A numerical method called the control volume-based finite element method is implemented for solving the governing equations. The modified flow and thermal structures and corresponding heat transfer features are investigated. Numerical outcomes reveal very good grid independency and excellent agreement with the existing studies. The obtained results convey that at a certain aspect ratio, an increment in Rayleigh and Darcy numbers significantly augments the heat transfer and average Nusselt number. Further, enhancement of Rayleigh number increases the velocity of nanofluid, while that of aspect ratio of the elliptical cylinder shows the opposite trend